What is RFID Radio Frequency Identification

RFID is a wireless technology that allows for the automatic identification and tracking of objects using radio waves. Here’s how it works:

1. Components of RFID:
   • Tags (Transponders): These are small devices attached to the objects that need to be identified or tracked. Each tag contains a unique identifier (usually a serial number) and can store additional information.
   • Readers (Interrogators): These devices emit radio waves and communicate with the RFID tags. When a reader sends an interrogation pulse, nearby tags respond by transmitting their data back to the reader.
2. Passive vs. Active Tags:
   • Passive Tags: These tags do not have their own power source. Instead, they draw energy from the radio waves emitted by the reader. When the reader’s signal reaches the passive tag, it activates the tag, allowing it to respond with its stored information.
   • Active Tags: Active tags have an onboard battery. They can transmit data over longer distances (up to hundreds of meters) because they are not solely dependent on the reader’s energy. These tags are commonly used in applications where extended range is required.
3. Tag Communication:
   • When an RFID reader sends an interrogation signal, the nearby tags receive it.
   • Passive tags modulate the received signal and transmit their unique identifier (and any additional data) back to the reader.
   • The reader captures this information and processes it.
4. Applications:
   • Supply Chain Management: RFID is widely used in supply chains to track inventory, shipments, and logistics. For example, it helps monitor the movement of goods through warehouses and distribution centers.
   • Retail and Inventory Control: Retail stores use RFID tags to manage inventory efficiently. Tags on clothing, electronics, or other items help streamline checkout processes and prevent theft.
   • Access Control and Security: RFID cards or badges grant access to buildings, parking lots, and restricted areas.
   • Animal Tracking: Implanting RFID microchips in pets and livestock enables positive identification.
   • Electronic Toll Collection: Systems like FasTrak use RFID tags for toll payment.
   • Healthcare: RFID tags are used for tracking medical equipment, patient identification, and drug inventory management.
5. Privacy Concerns:
   • Since RFID tags can be embedded in various objects (including money, clothing, and even people), privacy concerns arise.
   • Efforts have been made to address these issues through standard specifications that focus on privacy and security.