What is MU Mobile user

Technical details of the Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) and understand what a MU Mobile User is.

1. MUOS Overview:
   • The Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) is a narrowband military communications satellite system operated by the United States Space Force.
   • It provides global connectivity to a multi-service population of users in the ultra high frequency (UHF) band.
   • MUOS replaces the older Ultra High Frequency Follow-On (UFO) satellite communication system, offering improved capabilities.
   • The system is designed to support users who require greater mobility, higher data rates, and improved operational availability.
2. MUOS Satellite Constellation:
   • MUOS comprises a constellation of five satellites: four operational satellites and one on-orbit spare.
   • These satellites provide narrowband connectivity to various users, including aerial and maritime platforms, ground vehicles, and dismounted soldiers.
   • The primary users are from the United States Department of Defense (DoD), although international allies have also used MUOS.
3. Technical Details:
   • Data Rates: MUOS extends voice, data, and video communications beyond line-of-sight at data rates of up to 384 kbit/s.
   • WCDMA Radios: The system uses Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) radios, which can transmit simultaneous voice, video, and mission data.
   • IP-Based System: MUOS radios operate over an Internet Protocol (IP)-based network, allowing global connectivity.
   • Coverage: MUOS radios work anywhere in the world, even under dense cover such as jungle canopies and urban settings.
4. Satellite Payloads:
   • Each MUOS satellite carries two payloads:
     • Legacy Communications Payload: Maintains DoD narrowband communications during the transition to MUOS.
     • Advanced MUOS WCDMA Capability: Provides high-speed data transmission using WCDMA technology.
5. Key Contractors:
   • Lockheed Martin Space is the prime system contractor and satellite designer for MUOS.
   • Other key subcontractors include General Dynamics Mission Systems, Boeing, and Harris.
6. Cost and Operational Status:
   • The MUOS program delivered five satellites, four ground stations, and a terrestrial transport network at a cost of approximately US$7.34 billion.
   • MUOS was declared fully operational for use in 2019.