What is MORAN (Multiple Operator RAN)

Technical details of MORAN (Multiple Operator RAN):

1. Definition:
   • MORAN stands for Multi-Operator Radio Access Network.
   • It is a mobile network architecture that allows multiple mobile operators to share the same radio access network infrastructure.
   • In simpler terms, it enables different mobile network operators (MNOs) to collaborate and utilize common resources within the radio access part of the network.
2. Key Characteristics:
   • Shared eNodeB: The core concept of MORAN involves sharing an eNodeB (enhanced NodeB), which is a critical component in the LTE (Long-Term Evolution) network. The eNodeB provides wireless connectivity to mobile devices.
   • Resource Splitting: In a MORAN setup, the eNodeB’s resources (such as antennas, base station sites, and backhaul connectivity) are divided among two or more network providers.
   • Distinct Core Networks: Despite sharing the eNodeB, each operator maintains its own core network components, including the Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving Gateway (SGW), Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN GW), and Home Subscriber Server (HSS).
   • PLMN Associations: Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs) associated with a cell are identified within the system information broadcasted by that cell. A shared network cell is part of all the PLMNs listed in its system information.
   • Challenges: Configuring unique PLMN identities for different frequencies or cells can be complex due to protocol requirements. Additionally, establishing discrete S1 connections for each frequency or cell introduces further complexity.
3. Comparison with MOCN:
   • MORAN and MOCN (Multi-Operator Core Network) share similarities but differ in management:
     • MOCN: Requires collaborative management of cell identifiers and Tracking Area Codes among operators.
     • MORAN: Allows individual operators to autonomously establish their identifier allocation frameworks.
4. Usage and Benefits:
   • 5G Networks: As mobile data traffic grows exponentially, 5G networks aim to address challenges related to capacity, latency, and user expectations.
   • Broad Coverage: MORAN enhances coverage by leveraging shared resources.
   • Cost Efficiency: Operators can optimize costs by sharing infrastructure.
   • High-Speed Connectivity: Supports higher data rates and low latency.