What is MORAN Mobile Operator Radio Access Network

Technical details of the Multi-Operator Radio Access Network (MORAN).

1. Definition and Purpose:
   • MORAN, also known as Multiple Operator RAN, is a network architecture in telecommunications where multiple mobile network operators (MNOs) share the same Radio Access Network (RAN) infrastructure.
   • The RAN is a critical part of the mobile network that connects mobile devices (such as smartphones) to the core network via wireless communication.
2. Key Characteristics:
   • In a MORAN setup:
     • The eNodeB (enhanced NodeB), which is a key component of the RAN, is shared among multiple operators.
     • Resources within the eNodeB (such as radio channels, antennas, and backhaul connectivity) are divided among these operators.
     • Each operator maintains its own core network components, including the Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving Gateway (SGW), Packet Data Network Gateway (PDN GW), and other essential elements.
     • Despite sharing the RAN, each operator’s core network remains independent.
     • The system information broadcasted by a cell identifies the Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs) associated with that cell.
3. Challenges and Considerations:
   • Primary PLMN Identity:
     • The 3GPP TS 36.331 standard outlines the requirements for the primary PLMN identity within the eNodeB.
     • Configuring unique PLMN identities for different frequencies or cells (a prerequisite for MORAN) can be complex.
   • S1 Connections:
     • Establishing discrete S1 connections (between eNodeB and MME) for each frequency or cell adds complexity.
     • Unlike a single connection at the eNodeB level, MORAN requires separate connections.
   • Similarities to MOCN:
     • In configurations with multiple cell identifiers broadcasted, MORAN resembles Multiple Operator Core Network (MOCN).
     • However, MORAN allows individual operators to independently allocate their identifiers, unlike collaborative management in MOCN.
4. Benefits and Usage:
   • Cost Efficiency: Sharing infrastructure reduces costs for operators.
   • Coverage Expansion: MORAN enables broader network coverage.
   • Efficient Roll-Out: It facilitates the deployment of new technologies.
   • Resource Control: Operators maintain control over their resources.
5. Conclusion:
   • As mobile data traffic continues to surge, MORAN becomes increasingly relevant for addressing network challenges while maintaining efficiency and quality of service.