telcomatraining.com – As the world moves towards 5G networks, the demand for efficient and high-performance communication protocols becomes crucial. The NGAP protocol, short for Next-Generation Application Protocol, plays a significant role in the evolution of mobile communication. This protocol operates over the N2 interface, which is a key component of the 5G architecture. In this…
telcomatraining.com – The world of wireless communication has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past decade. One of the most pivotal advancements has been the evolution of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. From its early adoption in LTE networks to the groundbreaking implementation of Massive MIMO in 5G New Radio (NR), this technology has drastically improved…
telcomatraining.com – As 5G technology continues to revolutionize mobile communications, network architecture must evolve to support the high throughput, low latency, and flexible deployment models required by next-generation services. One key architectural innovation is the concept of Open Midhaul — a standardized interface between the Distributed Unit (DU) and the Centralized Unit (CU) within the…
telcomatraining.com – With the rise of 5G networks, the need for efficient, reliable, and high-speed wireless communication has never been greater. At the heart of this transformative technology lies the Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol, an essential component in the radio access network (RAN) layer. RLC operates between the Medium Access Control (MAC) and Packet…
telcomatraining.com – The evolution of 5G New Radio (NR) has introduced innovative mechanisms to meet the growing demands for ultra-reliable, low-latency communication (URLLC), enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and massive machine-type communications (mMTC). One such breakthrough is Grant-Free Dynamic Scheduling, which enables data transmission without waiting for prior scheduling grants from the base station. This article…
telcomatraining.com – The telecommunications landscape is rapidly evolving, and with the global rollout of 5G, network providers face the challenge of bridging existing 4G LTE infrastructure with emerging 5G technologies. Enter hybrid core networks—a crucial solution that enables the interconnection between 4G EPC (Evolved Packet Core) and the 5G Core (5GC). These integrated systems offer…
telcomatraining.com – In the evolving landscape of mobile networks, 5G New Radio (NR) has introduced significant improvements in speed, latency, and network responsiveness. A crucial component in maintaining this high performance is the ability of User Equipment (UE)—such as smartphones or IoT devices—to continuously monitor and report network conditions. These updates are communicated via 5G…
telcomatraining.com – The evolution of mobile networks has brought about revolutionary changes in wireless communication, with 5G New Radio (NR) being at the forefront. One of the critical components enabling efficient communication in 5G is the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol. This layer is responsible for controlling the radio resources between the user equipment (UE)…
telcomatraining.com – As mobile networks continue evolving, the introduction of 5G has brought unparalleled speed, connectivity, and complexity. While these advancements benefit consumers and businesses, they also raise new security challenges. One critical element for maintaining lawful order and national security is Lawful Interception (LI)—a legal process allowing authorized entities to monitor communications. This article…
telcomatraining.com – As technology evolves, the shift from 4G to 5G marks a revolutionary change in mobile communications. While 4G has served as the backbone for mobile connectivity over the past decade, 5G brings enhanced features that are set to transform industries and everyday life. In this article, we explore the major differences between 5G…