Glossary Telecom – I (Part 2)

1. What is IM (Intensity modulation)? 

The intensity modulation (IM) is a type of modulation wherein the optical power output of a source is fluctuated as per some attribute of the modulating signal. In intensity modulation, there are no discrete upper and lower sidebands in the normally understood sense of these terms, since present optical sources need adequate coherence to create them. 

2. What is IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)? 

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is an Internet standard protocol utilized by email customers to recover email messages from a mail server over a TCP/IP association. An IMAP server commonly listens on port number 143. IMAP over SSL/TLS (IMAPS) is alloted the port number 993. IMAP was planned by Mark Crispin in 1986. To cryptographically secure IMAP associations, IMAPS on TCP port 993 can be utilized, which uses SSL/TLS. 

3. What is IMB (Integrated mobile broadcast)? 

IMB empowers the convey of content like TV channels live to the level of the portable transmitter utilizing the radio range authorized 3G or 4G, and received in versatile terminals capable of iMB. iMB provides portable information transmission administrations in the TDD 3G bands. It is incorporated with the current FDD 3G unicast technology. iMB upholds both linear broadcast services and nonlinear services like software updates, data broadcast, music, and so forth.

4. What is IMD (Intermodulation Distortion)? 

When at least two signals are utilized in a nonlinear framework then Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) occurs. Intermodulation distortion (IMD) is the amplitude modulation of signals containing at least two distinct frequencies, brought about by nonlinearities or time difference in a framework. Intermodulation is brought about by non-linear conduct of the signal processing (physical equipment or even algorithms) being utilized. Intermodulation is additionally typically undesirable in radio, as it makes undesirable spurious emissions. 

5. What is IMEI (International mobile equipment identity)? 

The International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) is a unique number. It is used to distinguish 3GPP and iDEN mobile phones. It is typically found printed inside the battery compartment of the phone. The IMEI can likewise be displayed on-screen on most phones by entering *#06#. GSM networks utilize the IMEI number to distinguish valid devices, and can prevent a stolen telephone from getting on the network. If a phone is theft Or lost, then portable administrators are urged to take measures like quick suspension of administration and replacement of SIM cards in case of loss or theft.

6. What is IMS (IP multimedia subsystem)? 

IMS is used for conveying correspondence administrations based on the Internet Protocol (IP). IMS was initially planned by the wireless standards body 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), as a segment of the vision for developing versatile networks beyond GSM. IMS utilizes IETF conventions at every possible opportunity, e.g., the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). IMS isn’t planned to normalize applications, but instead to support the access of multimedia and voice applications from wireless and wireline terminals, i.e., to make a type of fixed-mobile convergence (FMC). 

7. What is IMT-A (IMT-Advanced)? 

An IMT-Advanced framework is relied upon to give a complete and secure all-web convention based versatile broadband solution to PC modems, cell phones, and other cell phones. It was given by the ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R). IMT-Advanced is expected to oblige the quality of service (QoS) and rate prerequisites set by additional improvement of existing applications. It provides superior quality of administration for multimedia support and roaming across multiple networks. 

8. What is IN (Intelligent Network)? 

Intelligent Network is designed for

 mobile telecom networks. It permits administrators to separate themselves by offering some value-added administrations to the standard telecom services, for example, PSTN, ISDN on fixed organizations, and GSM administrations on cell phones or other cell phones. IN is upheld by the Signaling System #7 (SS7) convention between network switching centers. The IN ideas, engineering and conventions were initially evolved as guidelines by the ITU-T. 

9. What is INAP (IN Application Protocol)? 

INAP is utilized in Intelligent Networking (IN). It is a segment of the Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) convention suite. The intelligent network application works as the flagging convention among service switching points, service control point (SCP) and intelligent peripherals or network media resources. INAP characterized Services, for example, VPN short digit expansion dialing administration, Single number assistance, Do not disturb service, Personal access administration (user management of calls) and Disaster recovery service (backup call destinations). 

10. What is an INS (inertial navigation system)? 

Inertial navigation systems were initially produced for rockets. An inertial navigation system (INS) is a navigation device that utilizes a computer, motion sensors and rotation sensors to consistently ascertain by the velocity of a moving object without the requirement for outside references. Inertial navigation is utilized in a wide scope of utilizations incorporating the navigation of aircraft, missiles, spacecraft, submarines and ships. It is additionally installed in some cell phones for reasons of cell phone location and tracking. 

11. What is IOC (Information Object Class)? 

Information Object Class is an idea broadly utilized in ASN.1 details to resolve issues identified with protocol specification. It is like issues tended by CORBA/IDL specifications.

12. What is IOI (Inter-operator identifier)? 

Inter Operator Identifier (IOI) is a globally unique identifier. It is used to share between operator networks, content suppliers, and administrator organizations, to associate billing data created inside the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem). The Originating-IOI AVP holds the Inter Operator Identifier (IOI) for the beginning network as produced by the IMS network component which assumes liability for populating this boundary in a SIP request. The Terminating-IOI AVP holds the Inter Operator Identifier (IOI) for the ending network as produced by the IMS network component which assumes liability for populating this boundary in a SIP reaction. 

13. What is IoT (Internet of Things)? 

The primary idea of a network of smart devices was discussed as early as 1982. The Internet of things (IoT) portrays physical objects that are inserted with sensors, processing, software, and different innovations, and that associate and convey information with different frameworks. IoT devices are a segment of the larger concept of home automation. IoT devices can be utilized to empower remote health observing and emergency notification frameworks. The IoT makes opportunities for more straightforward combinations of the actual world into PC based frameworks. 

14. What is IoV (Internet of Vehicles)? 

Internet of vehicles (IoV) is a network of vehicles furnished with sensors, programming, and different advancements. It’s objective is to associate and convey information over the Internet as indicated by concurred norms. IoV is the advancement of that conventional VANET, which alludes to the organization of various substances, like vehicles, pedestrians, roads, parking lots and city framework and gives real-time correspondence among them. The IoV makes car sensor platforms, which retain data from the climate, different vehicles and from the driver. 

15. What is IP (Internet Protocol)? 

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the network layer communications convention. The Internet Protocol (IP) is a set of rules for routing and addressing packets of information with the goal that they can traverse across networks and arrive at the correct destination. IP data is joined to every packet, and this data assists switches with sending packets to the destination. It likewise characterizes addressing strategies that are utilized to mark the datagram with source and objective data. 

16. What is IP CAN (IP Connectivity Access Network)? 

IP Connectivity Access Network gives Internet Protocol (IP) availability that normally alludes to 3GPP access organizations like GPRS or EDGE. It gives the underlying IP transport network between the client endpoint and the IMS elements. 

17. What is IPCP (Internet Protocol Control Protocol)? 

Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP) is utilized for setting up and arranging Internet Protocol over a Point-to-Point Protocol connection. It is utilized to design, empower, and debilitate IP over PPP links. It utilizes a similar frame transmission component as the link control protocol (LCP). IPCP is liable for arranging the IP addresses. IPCP packets may not be conveyed until PPP has arrived at the Network-Layer Protocol phase. IPCP has the NCP convention code number 0x8021. 

18. What is IPDL (Idle periods in downlink)? 

Idle Periods in the Downlink (IPDL) is an element in which the transmitter is switched off in Node-B discontinuously for all channels for brief timeframes, known as idle periods. There are two modes in which IPDL can work, ceaselessly. The test set assists both of these modes. This offers the UE a chance to make more precise estimations of adjoining cells that are needed for applications, for example, position assurance. 

19. What is IPSec (IP Security)? 

IP Security that verifies and scrambles the packets of information to give secure encoded correspondence between two PCs over an Internet Protocol network. IPsec can ensure information streams between a couple of hosts, between a pair of security gateways, or between a security gateway and a host. The IPsec can be executed in the IP stack of a working framework, which needs adjustment of the source code. This technique for execution is accomplished for hosts and security doors. 

20. What is IPTV (Internet Protocol Television)? 

Internet Protocol television (IPTV) is the conveyance of TV content over Internet Protocol (IP) networks. IPTV is additionally utilized for media delivery around corporate and private networks. IPTV administrations might be grouped into live TV and live media. IPTV is characterized as the safe and reliable conveyance to endorsers of diversion video and related administrations. IPTV utilizes IP multicasting with Internet Group Management Protocol for IPv4-based live television broadcasts and Real-Time Streaming Protocol for on-demand programs.

21. What is IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4)? 

Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) is the fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP). It is as yet utilized to route most Internet traffic. It was presented in 1981. An IPv4 address is a 32-bit address. The IPv4 address comprises a network address and a host address. Inside the Internet, the network addresses are alloted by a central authority, the Network Information Center (NIC). The part of the IPv4 address is dictated by the class of address. 

22. What is IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6)? 

IPv6 was made by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to manage the issue of IPv4 address exhaustion. It gives an identification and location framework for PCs on networks and routes traffic across the Internet. It was presented in December 1995. IPv6 is a 128-bits address having an address space of 2^128, which is way greater than IPv4. It utilizes Multicast Neighbor Solicitation messages to resolve IP addresses to link-layer addresses.

23. What is IQ (in-phase/quadrature)? 

The expression “I/Q” is a contraction for “in-phase” and “quadrature.”I/Q signals are consistently amplitude-modulated, not recurrence or phase-modulated. A sinusoid with angle modulation can be disintegrated into two amplitude-modulated sinusoids that are offset in phase by one-quarter cycle. IQ data samples are frequently utilized in RF applications. They structure the basis of complex RF signal modulation and demodulation, both in hardware and in software, and in complex signal analysis.

24. What is IR (Incremental Redundancy)? 

Incremental redundancy communicates additions of redundant bits after errors are noticed. IR adaptively changes an effective information rate dependent on the aftereffects of genuine transmissions. IR can accomplish better aggregate throughput, conceivably to the detriment of additional delay and higher memory necessities in execution. 

25. What is IR (Infrared)? 

Infrared is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than those of visible light. It is undetectable to the human eye. Infrared (IR) has wavelengths λ between 780 nm and 1 mm, which compares to a recurrence range from 300 GHz to 400 THz. Infrared (IR) light is utilized by electrical radiators, cookers for preparing food, short-range interchanges like controllers, optical filaments, security frameworks and warm imaging cameras which identify individuals in obscurity. Infrared, at times called infrared light. 

26. What is IR-UWB (impulse radio UWB)? 

In ultra wideband impulse radio (IR-UWB) innovation , extremely short energy pulses, like picoseconds, are sent with the utilization of a planned wideband antenna. Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) transmitter appropriate for low-power wireless biomedical sensors.The Neyman-Pearson (NP) models are utilized for this gadget free discovery. 

27. What is IR‐HARQ (incremental redundancy HARQ)? 

In this Incremental redundancy kind of HARQ, numerous distinctive arrangements of code bits are created for similar data bits utilized in a packet dissimilar chase combining type. These various sets are sent under various channel conditions. In an incremental redundancy HARQ scheme, a number of coded bits with increasing redundancy, where each represents the similar arrangement of input bits, are created and transmitted to the receiver.

28. What is iRAT (inter-Radio Access Technology)? 

IRAT represents Inter Radio Access Technology. RAT can be either GSM,CDMA,WiMAX,LTE,TD-SCDMA or some other remote innovation used to make air interfaces portable to get different services. The inter-Radio Access Technology is the physical connection strategy for a radio based communication network. Many modern mobile phones support several RATs in one device like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and GSM, UMTS, LTE or 5G NR.

29. What is IRC (interference rejection combining)? 

Interference Rejection Combining (IRC) is a linear combining method that depends on different receive antennas and the gauge of the interfering channels to project the received signals on a subspace in which the Mean Square Error (MSE) is minimized. Interference Rejection Combining is executed in the baseband preparation module of NodeB. It can diminish the interference impact of the neighboring users in the uplink.

30. What is IRDS (International Roadmap for Devices and System)? 

The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems is predictions about likely improvements in electronic gadgets and frameworks. The IRDS was set up in 2016 and is the replacement to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. These predictions are expected to permit coordination of efforts across academia, manufacturers, hardware providers, and public research laboratories.The BIRDS distinguishes indicators and trends across various enterprises to measure innovation and framework necessities. 

31. What is IRI (Intercept Related Information)?      

Intercept Related Information (IRI) is an assortment of data related with telecommunication administrations including the objective identity, explicitly correspondence related data or information, administration related data or information and area data. IRI records are produced at different conditions of the interception. They give data on the interception, and call state. In a call, each call leg can be an interception target. 

32. What is IRNSS (regional navigation satellite system)? 

IRNSS provides accurate real-time situating and timing administrations. It covers India and a region extending 1,500 km (930 mi) around it. IRNSS is an independent territorial satellite route framework being created by Indian Space Research Organization. The IRNSS framework involves a space segment and an assist ground segment. The IRNSS constellation is expected to provide a position accuracy of better than 20 m over India and a region extending outside the Indian landmass to about 1,500 km. 

33. What is IRP (Integration Reference Point)? 

The IRP idea accommodates protocol and technology neutral modelling and protocol explicit arrangement sets. Interface IRPs that identify a bunch of tasks and notifications for a specific telecom management domain, for example, alarm management, configuration management. IRP concept provides for protocol and technology neutral modelling as well as protocol specific solution sets. 

34. What is ISATAP (Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol)? 

ISATAP is an IPv6 transition mechanism. It is utilized to send IPv6 packets between dual-stack nodes on top of an IPv4 organization. ISATAP views the IPv4 network as a link layer for IPv6 and assists an automatic tunneling abstraction similar to the Non-Broadcast Multiple Access (NBMA) model.

35. What is ISI (inter-symbol interference)? 

In inter-symbol interference, one symbol interferes with subsequent symbols. This is an undesirable wonder as the previous symbols have comparable impacts as noise, along these lines making the correspondence less dependable. The presence of ISI in the framework presents errors in the decision device at the receiver output. Reasons for intersymbol interference is multipath propagation in which a signal from a transmitter reaches the receiver by means of numerous ways. It incorporates reflection, refraction and atmospheric impacts. 

36. What is ISIM (IMS Subscriber Identity Module)? 

ISIM comprises parameters for recognizing and verifying the client to the IMS. An IP Multimedia Services Identity Module (ISIM) is an application residing on the UICC. ISIM conveys data utilized in SIP protocols like IP Multimedia Private Identity (IMPI), IP Multimedia Public Identity (IMPU) and cypher keys (used to encrypt information. It contains client identity and security keys utilized to scramble the data communicated over-the-air.

37. What is ISM (industrial scientific medical)? 

The industrial, scientific, and medical radio band (ISM band) alludes to segments of the radio spectrum. ISM are internationally reserved for the utilization of radio frequency (RF) energy expected for scientific, medical and industrial necessities. The utilization of ISM hardware produces electromagnetic interference that interferes with radio interchanges that utilize a similar recurrence. 

38. What is ISO (International Standardization Organisation)? 

ISO was established on 23 February 1947, and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It is the world’s biggest designer of voluntary international guidelines, and it facilitates world trade by giving normal principles among countries. Utilization of the guidelines supports the formation of items and administrations that are protected, solid, and of good quality. The principles assist organizations with expanding The English, French, and Russian three official languages of the ISO.

39. What is ISP (Internet service provider)?  

Internet service provider (ISP) alludes to an organization that offers types of assistance for getting to, utilizing, or taking part in the Internet. Internet providers ordinarily given by ISPs can incorporate Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. The innovation was created to give admittance to the overall population through the World Wide Web in the last part of the 1980s. ISP may likewise be alluded to as an information service provider, a storage service provider, an Internet service provider (INSP).

40. What is ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization)?   

ISRO was established on 15 August 1969 and has Headquarters in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. ISRO is the primary agency in India to execute assignments identified with space based applications, space investigation and improvement of related advancements. ISRO was the first space agency to affirm the presence of water molecules on the outer layer of the moon. It attempts the plan and improvement of space rockets, satellites, explores upper atmosphere and deep space investigation missions. It works under the Department of Space. 

41. What is ISRP (Intersystem routing policy)? 

The Inter-System Routing Policies (ISRPs) are a bunch of administrator characterized rules and preferences that influence the routing choices taken by the UE, for example choices concerning whether to route traffic by means of 3GPP or a specific kind of non-3GPP access. ISRPs don’t influence the choice between various 3GPP gets to. 

42. What is ISUP (Integrated Services Digital Network User Part)? 

The Integrated Services Digital Network User Part is essential of Signaling System No. 7 (SS7), which is utilized to establish phone calls in the public switched phone organization. ISUP is likewise utilized to exchange status data for, and allow management of, the accessible circuits. At the point when ISUP upholds a call to be set up effectively, a switch will signal call-related data to the next switch in the network utilizing ISUP messages.

43. What is IT (Information Technology)? 

Information technology (IT) is the utilization of PCs to make, process, store, recover and trade a wide range of electronic information. IT is utilized with regards to business activities, rather than innovation utilized for individual purposes. The business utilization of IT includes both PC innovation and media communications. IT gives the necessary resources to create, process, investigate, trade, store and secure data. It is generally utilized as an equivalent word for PCs and PC organizations, yet it additionally includes other data appropriation advances like TV and phones. 

44. What is ITRS (International Telecom Roadmap for Semiconductors)? 

The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) is a bunch of reports created by a group of semiconductor industry experts.The last revision of the ITRS Roadmap was introduced in 2013. The approach and the physics behind the scaling results for 2013 tables is depicted in semiconductor guide projection utilizing prescient full-band atomistic demonstrating which covers double gate MOSFETs over the 15 years to 2028.

45. What is ITS (intelligent transportation system)? 

An intelligent transportation framework is a high level application which means to offer innovative services identifying various methods of transport and traffic management and empower clients to be better informed and make more secure, more planned, and ‘more intelligent’ utilization of transport networks. Some of these advances incorporate calling for crisis administrations when a mishap happens, utilizing cameras to implement transit regulations or signs that imprint speed limit changes relying upon conditions. 

46. What is ITU (International Telecommunication Union )? 

The International Telecommunication Union is answerable for all matters identified with data and correspondence advances. It was set up on 17 May 1865. The ITU was at first pointed toward interfacing telegraphic networks between nations, with its command reliably expanding with the approach of new correspondence advances. The ITU is the oldest worldwide association still in operation, which originates before it by a few decades. The objective of ITU is to act as a catalyst in fostering cooperation among the States of the world in order to advance their support in a worldwide correspondence satellite framework. 

47. What is ITU-R (International Telecommunications Union – Radio Communications Sector)? 

The ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) is one type of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and is liable for radio communications. Its objective is to deal with the international radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbit resources. It is used to create guidelines for radio communication frameworks with the goal of guaranteeing the powerful utilization of the range. ITU-R has an extremely durable secretariat, the Radiocommunication Bureau, based at the ITU HQ in Geneva, Switzerland. 

48. What is ITU-T (ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector)? 

ITU-T is one type of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). It organizes with all substances associated with making norms in the media communications industry. The fundamental capacity of the ITU-T is to guarantee that new guidelines covering the whole field of overall media transmission are productively created promptly. It likewise characterizes duties and bookkeeping rules that oversee worldwide telecom administrations. 

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49. What is IV (Initialization Vector)? 

An initialization vector (IV) can be utilized alongside a mysterious key for information encryption. The utilization of an IV prevents repetition in information encryption, making it more hard for a hacker utilizing an attack to discover examples and break a code. The IV is commonly needed to be irregular or pseudorandom, however once in a while an IV just should be unusual or extraordinary. For block figures, the utilization of an IV is portrayed by the methods of activity. 

50. What is IWF (Interworking Function)? 

The IWF changes over the information communicated over the air interface into a configuration appropriate for the PSTN. IWF has both the equipment and programming components that give the rate transformation and convention change among PSTN and the remote network. The IWF gives the function to empower the GSM framework to interface with the different types of public and private data networks currently accessible. An IWF guarantees that old and new organization components can coordinate and associate consistently with one another. 

51. What is IMS-ALG (IMS application level gateway)? 

In the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem architecture, the IM-ALG is a Deep Packet Inspection device which guarantees that addressing to be held inside SIP signalling is eliminated whenever needed to assist NAT traversal. Moreover, the IM-ALG will likewise screen SIP signalling to distinguish malicious attacks. The IM-ALG is a useful element of the Interconnection Border Control Function.

52. What is IMSI (International mobile subscriber identity)? 

The IMSI is a unique number recognizing a GSM subscriber. The international mobile subscriber identity distinguishes each client of a cellular network. It is stored as a 64-bit field and is transmitted by the portable device to the network. The IMSI is utilized in any portable organization that interconnects with different networks. This number has two sections. The initial part comprises six digits in the North American norm and five digits in the European norm. It distinguishes the GSM network administrator in a particular country. The second part is distributed by the network administrator to extraordinarily recognize the endorser.