Glossary Telecom – I (Part 1)

1. What is I-CSCF (Interrogating call session control function)

Interrogating call session control function empowers requests to be routed to the right Serving Call State Control Function. The I-CSCF is answerable for ahead routing of SIP messages to the appropriate Serving CSCF for a given user. It is a vital component in the IMS roaming technique. The I-CSCF cross examines the HSS to get the address of the relevant S-CSCF to process the SIP starting request.

2. What is I-RNTI (inactive RNTI)? 

The Inactive RNTI (I-RNTI) is applicable to the RRC Inactive State. I-RNTI is utilized to address the UE inside RRC flagging messages. The I-RNTI is utilized to distinguish both the UE and the gNB which hosts the UE context; when UE is portable, this is needed to move the UE context from one gNB then onto the next gNB while RRC Inactive. I-RNTI is of two types: Full I-RNTI: A full I-RNTI which has a length of 40 bits. And short I-RNTI: A short I-RNTI which has a length of 24 bits.

3. What is I/NAV (integrity/navigation)? 

Integrity is the examination of the trust that can be put in the accuracy of the data provided by a navigation framework. Integrity incorporates the capacity of the framework to give convenient alerts to clients when the framework ought not be utilized for navigation. Navigation is a field of study that aims at the method involved with checking and controlling the movement of a vehicle from one place to another.

4. What is IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)? 

Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) gives significant level APIs utilized to dereference different low-level details of underlying network framework such as physical computing resources, area, information apportioning, scaling, security. IaaS is a viable cloud administration model for workloads that are temporary, that change suddenly. IaaS clients pay on a per-user premise, regularly continuously, week or month. A few IaaS suppliers additionally charge clients depending on the amount of virtual machine space the client utilizes. 

5. What is IAB (Integrated Access and Backhaul)? 

IAB is a significant Rel-16 element in 5G New Radio (NR). It empowers quick and cost-effective millimeter wave deployments through self-backhauling in the similar spectrum. IAB permits administrators to use their current mmWave range licenses. It also permits administrators to have the opportunity to send separate backhaul where required, without extra interference analysis that can be subject to regulatory review. IAB takes into account multi-hop backhauling utilizing the similar frequencies employed for utilized equipment (UE) access or a distinct, dedicated, recurrence. 

6. What is IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)? 

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority manages worldwide IP address designation, independent framework number allocation, root zone management in the Domain Name System (DNS), media types, and other Internet Protocol-related symbols and Internet numbers. It was established in 1988 and by the U.S. Federal Government. IANA is extensively liable for the assignment of universally unique names and numbers that are utilized in Internet protocols that are published as Request for Comments documents. 

7. What is IAPP (Inter Access Point Protocol)? 

Inter-Access Point Protocol intended to make it simpler for clients without losing their connection to move from one wireless access point to another. IAPP is officially known as IEEE 802.11F and is a bunch of optional add-on rules to IEEE 802.11, which is the fundamental structure of Wi-Fi. The IEEE 802.11 standard doesn’t determine the communications between access points in order to support users roaming from one access point to another and load balancing. 

8. What is IBCF (Interconnection border control function)? 

Interconnection border control function intended to work with interconnection among two service provider domains. Interconnection Border control Function (IBCF) goes about as a border controller for interworking with IP Multimedia Subsystem network and manages problems and security that happen while interworking with different organizations. The principal components of IBCF are Session filtering, Topology and infrastructure hiding, Protocol conversion and routing, Billing, Media Relay and IBCF interworking. 

9. What is IBFD (In-band full-duplex)? 

In-band full-duplex (IBFD) innovation can empower special framework capacities and network designs by permitting devices to convey and receive on the similar recurrence simultaneously. It empowers a wireless node to communicate a signal and receive one more on a similar alloted recurrence. IBFD wireless frameworks can give up to twice the channel limit contrasted with conventional Half-Duplex (HD) systems. It upgraded spectral efficiency for future wireless networks, for example, fifth-generation New Radio (5G NR). 

10. What is IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set)? 

Independent Basic Service Set permits wireless devices to transmit data with each other with no medium or central device. It does not incorporate any AP (Access Point). IBSS is a basic service set and can be carried out effectively and rapidly to set up a wireless network at any place. IBSS is an assistance set that is seldom utilized. It is only needed when two to more devices like portable, laptops, tablets, and so on need to convey files without interfacing with any wireless network that an AP provides. Customers can move from one place to another because it upholds mobility.

11. What is IC (Integrated Circuit)? 

An integrated circuit (ICs) is an electronic device containing various functional components like semiconductors, resistors, condensers, and so forth on a piece of silicon semiconductor substrate, and is fixed inside a package with different terminals. Enormous quantities of small Metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors integrate into a small chip. An integrated circuit (IC), sometimes known as a chip, is a microelectronic circuit. 

12. What is ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers)? 

The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is an universally coordinated, non-profit organization that has liability regarding Internet Protocol (IP) address space allocation, protocol identifier assignment, generic (gTLD) and country code (ccTLD) Top-Level Domain name framework management, and root server system management functions. It was established on September 18, 1998; 23 years ago and has Headquarters in Los Angeles, California, and United States. Its aim is to manage Internet Protocol numbers and Domain Name System root. 

13. What is iCAR (integrated Cellular and Ad hoc Relaying SystemSystem) ? 

Integrated cellular and ad hoc relaying systems (iCAR) is another wireless system design dependent on the integration of cellular and ad hoc relaying advances. It gives interoperability for heterogeneous organizations. The iCAR framework can productively adjust traffic loads between cells by utilizing ad hoc relaying stations (ARS) to relay traffic starting with one cell then onto the next progressively. It likewise diminishes the transmission power for portable hosts and broadens framework coverage. 

14. What is ICC (Integrated Circuit Cards)? 

Any card with embedded integrated circuits in plastic cards. This is a pocket sized card. Many smart cards incorporate a pattern of metal contacts to electrically interface with the internal chip. Integrated circuit cards are made of plastic or a comparative matter and are most frequently connected with explicit credit cards. These cards are an obstruction against fraud as they avoid utilizing the magnetic stripe of a card, which builds the simplicity of information skimming for identity thieves.

15. What is ICCB (Internet Configuration Control Board)

The Internet Configuration Control Board (ICCB) was set up in 1979 by the ARPANET Program Manager Vinton Cerf. The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) is “a committee of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and an advisory body of the Internet Society (ISOC). It controls Internet standards documents and protocol parameter value assignment. Going about as a source of advice and guidance to the Internet Society. It oversaw advancement of the Internet technology standards

16. What is ICD (interface control document)

Interface control document gives information of all interface information generated for a project, for example, diagrams, tables, and textual information. The objective of the ICD is to keep a record of framework interface data for a given project. This incorporates all potential inputs to and all outputs from a framework for actual users of the framework. Interface control documents are a key component of framework designing as they control the documented interface of a framework. 

17. What is I2V (Infrastructure-to-Vehicle)? 

A fragment of ITS mostly utilized for information communication from roadside infrastructure to vehicles.  infrastructure-to-Vehicle (I2V) correspondence system empowers autonomous and semi-autonomous vehicles to restrict and identify the presence of infrastructure markers such as path dividers, stop signs or structural health data. It works in embedded conditions while having the option to discuss remotely with low latencies that can uphold constant interfacing.  

18. What is IA (Interference alignment)? 

Interference alignment (IA) implies it can move toward the limit of an interference network at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It can adequately diminish the impedance impact of MIMO interference channels. Interference alignment (IA) has been generally considered as an impedance mitigation apparatus in various kinds of wireless interference channels. The principal objective of IA is to accomplish arrangement by continuously diminishing the interference power leakage and the quality of alignment is measured by the interference power present in the received signal after the interference suppression filter is applied. 

19. What is ICIC (inter-cell interference coordination)? 

Inter-cell interference coordination methods show a solution by applying limitations to the radio resource management (RRM) block, and further developing favorable channel conditions across subsets of clients that are affected by the interference. Inter-Cell Interference Coordination is presented in 3GPP Release-8 specifications. It is used to mitigate interference on traffic channels in particular. ICIC is inherently a multi-cell RRM function that necessitates to consider data from different cells.

20. What is ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)? 

It is utilized by network devices, including routers, to convey error messages and functional data showing success or failure when communicating with another IP address. ICMP is part of the Internet protocol suite as characterized in RFC 792. ICMP errors are coordinated to the source IP address of the starting packet. ICMP utilizes the fundamental assist of IP as though it were a higher-level protocol, however, ICMP is really an integral part of IP. 

21. What is ICMPv6 (Internet Control Message Protocol version 6)? 

Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 is the version of Internet Control Message Protocol. ICMPv6 has a system for expansions to carry out new provisions. It executes error reporting and indicative capacities. ICMPv6 transmits multicast group membership data, a capacity recently executed by IGMP, and address resolution, a capacity recently executed by ARP.

22. What is ICN (Information‐centric networks)? 

Information‐centric networks are subject to perpetual availability and the end-to-end principle. It is utilized to advance the Internet infrastructure away from a host-centric paradigm. Information-centric networking (ICN) is a way to advance the Internet infrastructure to straightforwardly uphold this utilization by presenting particularly named information as a core Internet principle. ICN ideas can be applied to various layers of the protocol stack: name-based information access can be carried out on top of the current IP framework. 

23. What is ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection)? 

Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) 

ICNIRP was established in 1992 by the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) to which it keeps up with close relations. It is a free non profit scientific association in Germany. It is accomplished in non-ionizing radiation security. The association’s exercises incorporate deciding exposure limits for electromagnetic fields utilized by devices. It is liable for giving direction and counsel on the health hazards of non-ionizing radiation exposure.

24. What is ICS (IMS centralized services)? 

The ICS is indicated in GSMA IR.64 and 3GPP TS 23.292, 23.237 and 23.216. Its objective is to give communication administrations by utilizing IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)-based assistance empowering regardless of the utilized access technology of the end user. The ICS provides a normalized method of executing administrations, for example, call sending, barring, hold, resume. ICS is not restricted to voice communication. Video calling, picture sharing and different media streams can be added or taken out from a session at any time. 

25. What is I/O (Input/Output)? 

The input/output is a device intended to transmit and receive information to and from a PC equipment component. The input/output is the transmission among a data processing framework, like a PC, and the rest of the world, possibly a human or another data handling framework. Inputs are the signals or information received by the framework and outputs are the signals or data transmitted from the framework. The term can likewise be utilized as a component of an activity; to “perform I/O” is to execute an input or output activity. 

26. What is ICMPv4 (Internet Control Message Protocol version 4)? 

Internet Control Message Protocol variant 4 aim is to examine and report the error to the source if any problem arises while transmitting the information. The ICMPv4 is a message-oriented protocol. It’s a protocol of version 4 of the TCP/IP protocol suite. ICMPv4 conveys an error report to the original source of the datagram. It has an 8-byte header and it has a variable size data section. ICMPv4 protocol is a network layer protocol. ICMPv4 message is secured in IP datagram before transmission to the data link layer. ICMPv4 is arranged into two kinds of error messages and query messages.

27. What is ICS (Incident command structure)? 

The Incident Command System (ICS) is a way to deal with the command of emergency response giving a common progression inside which responders from different organizations can be effective. ICS incorporates strategies to choose and form temporary management progressions to control funds, personnel, facilities, equipment, and communications. ICS is a framework intended to be utilized or applied from the time an incident occurs until the necessity for management and activities no longer exist. 

28. What is ICSI (Internet protocol multimedia subsystem)? 

ICSI is the framework utilized for conveying IP multimedia administrations. It is a methodology used for conveying Internet services over GPRS. This vision was subsequently updated by 3GPP, 3GPP2 and ETSI TISPAN by needing support of organizations other than GPRS. IMS is not planned to normalize applications, but to access multimedia and voice applications from wireless and wireline terminals, i.e., to make a type of fixed-mobile convergence (FMC).

29. What is ICT (information and communication technologies)? 

Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extensional term for data innovation that is the integration of telephone lines and wireless signals and computers, and necessary enterprise software, storage and audiovisual, that empower clients to get to, store, send, comprehend and control data. It covers any product that will store, recover, convey or receive data electronically in a digital form. It permits individuals and associations to connect in the digital world.

30. What is IDE (Integrated Development Environment)? 

Integrated development environments (IDE) ordinarily comprises no less than a source code editor, construct automation instruments and a debugger. Integrated development environments are intended to expand software engineer efficiency. IDE is used to decrease the design importance to sort out numerous advancement utilities; all things being equal, it gives a similar arrangement of capacities as one cohesive unit. Some IDEs are devoted to a particular programming language, permitting a list of capabilities that most intently coordinates with the programming ideal models of the language. 

31. What is IDL (Interface Description Language)? 

IDL allows objects written in one language written in an unknown language to communicate with another program. IDLs are generally utilized in remote procedure call software. IDL (Interactive Data Language) is a language for making visualizations dependent on scientific or other data. IDLs depict an interface in a language-independent way, empowering correspondence between programming parts that don’t share one language.  

32. What is IDN (Internationalized Domain Name)? 

IDN was initially proposed in December 1996 by Martin Durst and executed in 1998 under the direction of Tan Tin Wee by Tan Juay Kwang and Leong Kok Yong. An internationalized domain name (IDN) contains at least one label that is shown in programming applications, in a language-specific script or alphabet, like Chinese, Cyrillic, Devanagari, the Latin alphabet-based characters with diacritics. Internationalized domain names are stored in the Domain Name System (DNS) as ASCII strings using Punycode transcription. 

33. What is IDS (Intrusion Detection System)? 

Intrusion Detection System examines a network or frameworks for malicious activity or policy violations. It is a software application that filters a network or a framework for destructive activity or policy breaching. A few IDS’s are capable of responding to recognized interruption upon discovery. The IDS monitors traffic and reports its outcomes to an administrator, but cannot automatically take action to keep a recognized endeavor from assuming control over the framework. 

34. What is IE (information element)? 

An Information Element is a set of data which might be incorporated inside a signalling message or information stream which is transmitted across an interface. An information element is often a type-length-value item, containing 1) a type, a length indicator, and a value, although any blend of one or more of those parts is possible. A single message may contain numerous data components.

35. What is the IEC(International Electrotechnical Commission)? 

International Electrotechnical Commission plans and publishes international norms for all electrical, electronic and related technologies. It was established on 26 June 1906 in London, United Kingdom and headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. It’s aim is to standardize electrical technology, electronics and related materials. IEC standards cover a vast range of technologies from power generation, transmission and dissemination to home appliances and office equipment, semiconductors, fibre optics, batteries, solar energy, nanotechnology and marine energy just as numerous others. 

36. What is IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)? 

IEEE empowering individuals’ careers and advancing communities world-wide. The IEEE advances the designing system of making, creating, incorporating, sharing, and applying information about electro and data advances and sciences to assist humanity and the profession. It was established in 1963 from the amalgamation of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers.

37. What is IESG (Internet Engineering Steering Group)? 

Internet Engineering Steering Group creates and advances Internet standards, specifically the specialized guidelines that involve the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). It was established on January 14, 1986. It’s aim is to create voluntary standards to maintain and improve the usability and interoperability of the Internet. It is answerable for specialized administration of IETF exercises and the Internet standards process. It receives appeals of the decisions of the working groups, and the IESG makes the decision to progress documents in the standards track.

38. What is IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)? 

IETF creates and advances deliberate Internet standards, specifically the specialized norms that contain the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP). It was established on January 14, 1986. Its aim is to make deliberate guidelines to maintain and enhance the usability and interoperability of the Internet. It is a non-profit association. The IETF gives the idea about the Internet in the form of the Requests for Comments (RFC) document series. The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) regulates the IETF’s external connections and relations with the RFC Editor.

39. What is IF (intermediate frequency)? 

Intermediate frequency (IF) is a recurrence to which a transporter wave is moved as an intermediate step in transmission or reception. The intermediate frequency is made by combination of the carrier signal with a local oscillator signal. It can be amplified with higher gain and selectivity than the initial higher recurrence. The intermediate frequency receiver does not cause impedance. It should be shielded from different parts, computerized preparing, and advanced connections. 

40. What is IFOM (IP Flow Mobility)? 

IFOM is a procedure utilized in WiFi offload to permit particular traffic offload, permitting some traffic streams to navigate the LTE network while others cross the WiFi organization. IFOM is being indicated by means of 3GPP TS 23.261. IFOM utilizes an Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request For Comments (RFC), Dual Stack Mobile IPv6 (DSMIPv6) (RFC-5555). Since IFOM depends on DSMIPv6, it is independent of the macro network flavor. It tends to be utilized for a green-field LTE deployment as well as a legacy GPRS packet core. IFOM gives synchronous connection to two substitute access organizations. This allows fine granularity of IP Flow mobility between access networks. 

41. What is IFS (Inter Frame Space)? 

Interframe space (IFS) is a period of time that exists between transmissions of wireless frames. Interframe spaces are one line of defense utilized by CSMA/CA to guarantee that main specific sorts of 802.11 frames are communicated. These are strategies utilized to forestall impacts as defined in IEEE 802.11-based WLAN standard (Wi-Fi). IFS is the time period between completion of the transmission of the last frame and starting transmission of the next frame apart from the variable back-off period.

42. What is IGMP (Internet Group Message Protocol)? 

Internet Group Message Protocol permits a few devices to share one IP address so they would all be able to get similar information. IGMP is a network layer protocol used to establish multicasting on networks that use the Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). IGMPpermits the organization to direct multicast transmissions only to hosts. It permits more effective utilization of assets when supporting these kinds of uses. IGMPv1 was created in 1989 at Stanford University. IGMPv1 was updated to IGMPv2 in 1997 and again updated to IGMPv3 in 2002.

43. What is IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol)? 

Interior Gateway Protocol utilized for exchanging routing table data among gateways inside an independent framework. The routers utilize this convention to convey data about IP routes. It upholds numerous routing metrics, including delay, bandwidth, load and dependability. Interior gateway conventions are utilized inside an association’s organization and are restricted to the border router.

44. What is IID (Interface IDentifier)? 

When calls are made to the QueryInterface strategy then the interface identifier (IID) is utilized. An IID is a globally unique identifier (GUID) value. Three interface ID types were initially characterized. These are: Manual, Modified EUI-64 and Random. The interface ID recognizes an interface of a specific node. An interface ID must be unique within the subnet. IPv6 hosts can utilize the Neighbor Discovery protocol to consequently produce their own interface IDs.

45. What is IIoT (Industrial IoT)? 

The modern web of things (IIoT) alludes to interconnected sensors, instruments, and different gadgets arranged along with PCs’ modern applications, including assembling and energy the board. IoT systems assist with supporting the association among “things” and consider more perplexing designs such as the advancement of conveyed applications. In the horticulture business, IIoT assists ranchers with settling on choices regarding when to gather. Sensors gather information about soil and climate conditions and propose plans for preparing and irrigating. 

46. What is IKE (Internet Key Exchange)? 

Internet Key Exchange is used in IP sec protocol to establish security connections. IKE utilizes X.509 certificates for verification. IKE is part of the Internet Security Protocol (IPSec) which is liable for arranging security associations (SAs), which are a bunch of concurred together upon keys and calculations to be utilized by the two players attempting to build up a VPN association/burrow. IKE is upheld as a component of the IPsec execution in Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. 

47. What is IL (Insertion Loss)? 

Insertion loss is the deficiency of signal power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber. It is normally expressed in decibels (dB). Insertion loss is characterized as the loss that is apparent upon inserting the network to be measured between a given source and a given receiver. The insertion loss method comprises the measurement of the power loss because of the FUT insertion between a launching and a receiving framework, recently interconnected. Insertion loss is characterized as the proportion of the power in Rf over that accessible from the source generator. 

48. What is ILNP (Identifier/Locator Network Protocol)? 

ILNP is intended to isolate the two elements of organization addresses, the distinguishing of network endpoints, and supporting routing by separating topological data from node identity. ILNP empowers versatility utilizing instruments that are just in end-frameworks and don’t need any router changes. Each multi-homed node has a Locator for each upstream service provider. ILNP is another organization convention, which can be carried out as a bunch of IPv6 extensions, that replaces the idea of an IP address with separate Locator and Identifier names. 

49. What is an ILS (instrument landing system)? 

The instrument landing system (ILS) is a radio navigation framework that gives short-range direction to airplanes to permit them to move toward a runway around evening time and in a bad climate. ILS utilizes two directional radio signals, the localizer which gives horizontal guidance, and the glideslope for vertical. It incorporates high-intensity lighting at the end of the runways. The ILS framework gives both course and elevation direction to a particular runway. The ILS framework is utilized to execute an accuracy instrument approach technique or accuracy approach.

50. What is IM (Index Modulation)? 

Index modulation (IM) alludes to a group of modulation strategies that depend on the actuation conditions of certain assets/building blocks for data inserting. The IM feature is that part of the data is verifiably inserted into the communicated signal. IM-aided SRA allocates multiple pilot sequences to each user and activates only one pilot sequence whose index conveys the information data. 

51. What is IM (Instant messaging)? 

Instant messaging (IM) innovation is a kind of online talk permitting ongoing text transmission over the Internet or another PC organization. Messages are regularly communicated between at least two gatherings, when every client inputs a message and triggers a transmission to the recipient(s), who are completely associated with a typical organization. It varies from email in that discussions over instant messaging happen in real-time. IM can likewise comprise conversations in “chat rooms”.