Glossary Telecom – G

1. What is G-MSC (Gateway Mobile Switching Center)? 

The Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC) is a kind of Mobile Switching Center (MSC). GMSC is utilized to route calls outside the portable network. A Gateway Mobile Switching Centre gives an edge function within a Public Land Mobile Network. It terminates the Public Switched Telephone Network signalling and traffic arrangements and changes to protocols utilized in mobile networks. 

2. GAGAN (GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation)

The GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation (GAGAN) is an execution of a regional satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) by India Government. By giving reference signals it is used to enhance the exactness of a GNSS receiver. The GAGAN’s focus is to give a navigation framework to support aircraft in accurate arriving over the Indian airspace and in the adjoining area and applicable to safety-to-life civil operations. GAGAN is interoperable with other international SBAS frameworks.

3. GAN (Generic Access Network)

Generic Access Network (GAN) is a convention that expands portable voice, information and multimedia like IP Multimedia Subsystem/Session Initiation Protocol (IMS/SIP) applications over IP networks. GAN permits cell phone packets to be sent to a network access point over the internet, as opposed to over-the-air utilizing GSM/GPRS, UMTS.   

4. GANC (Generic Access Network Controller)

GANC forms a segment of the 3GPP Release 6 GAN. It gives the association among the mobile and the MSC / SGSN over the generic IP access network. GAN Controller (GANC) receives information from the Internet and transfers it into the telephone network as if it were coming from an antenna. Calls can be set from or received to the handset as if it were associated over-the-air straightforwardly to the GANG’s point of presence. It supports both the A and Gb interfaces towards the core network.

5. GAP (Generic Access Profile)

The GAP layer of the Bluetooth low energy convention stack is liable for association functionality. The GAP layer manages the access modes and methods of the device incorporating device discovery, connection foundation, link termination, initiation of safety elements, and device design. GAP additionally commands techniques for registering Portable Parts to a Fixed Part (Mobility Management).

6. GB (Gigabyte)

Gigabyte is used for an information storage limit that is generally identical to 1 billion bytes. The gigabyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital data. One gigabyte is one billion bytes. The GB is the unit symbol for the gigabyte. The term is likewise utilized in certain fields of software engineering and information technology. Gigabytes are regularly utilized for estimating storage capacity, information transmission speed or random-access memory (RAM), with some important differences. 

7. GBR (guaranteed bit rate)

A GBR bearer has a ensured bit rate and Maximum Bit Rate. More than one non-GBR bearer belonging to the same UE shares an Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate. Non-GBR bearers can endure packet misfortune under blockage but GBR bearers are resistant to such misfortunes. GBR ensures a minimum bit rate, which is generally tuned to the necessities of the information stream.

8. GCID (Global Cell Identity)

GCID is a worldwide unique identifier for a Base Transceiver Station in mobile phone networks. It comprises four sections: Mobile Network Code (MNC), Mobile Country Code (MCC), Location Area Code (LAC) and Cell Identification (CI). CGI can be seen as a Location Area identifier with added Cell Identification, to additionally distinguish the singular base station of that Location Area.

9. GCS (Ground control system)

UAV ground control station (GCS) gives the facilities for human control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The Ground Control Station (GCS) conducts mission arranging, platform communications and payload or useful load control capacities through communications frameworks and information association to communicate with the aerial platform and its onboard frameworks. 

10. What is GCS AS (Group Call System Application Server)? 

 GCS application server (AS) is liable for the center functionalities of the group communication administration, for example, membership control, floor control, group member validation and approval. The Particular group information traffic is transferred from a sending device to the GCS AS, which then forwards the traffic to every one of the beneficiaries. 

11. What is GCS (group communications services)? 

Group communication service (GCS) is expected to give a quick and proficient system to convey similar substance to multiple users in a controlled manner. It is made to assist voice, video or, more generally, information communication. A client might be a member of more than one group. A user can communicate with several groups at the same time.

12. What is GCSE (Group Communications System Enablers)? 

The GCSE permits cell phones to participate in group communication for multiple groups in parallel, which can be at least one voice, video or information communications. This GCSE feature resides in the versatile and in a GCS application server that decides how these communications will be dealt with. 

13. What is GENI (Global Environment for Networking Innovations)? 

The Global Environment for Network Innovations (GENI) is explored by the United States computing community with help from the National Science Foundation. The objective of GENI is to upgrade exploratory research in computer networking and distributed frameworks, and to speed up the progress of this investigation into items and administrations that will work on the financial intensity of the United States. 

14. What is GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit)? 

The Geostationary Earth Orbit concept was introduced in 1945 by British author and scientist Arthur C. Clarke in an article entitled “Extra-Terrestrial Relays” for Wireless World. It is a roundabout geosynchronous orbit 35,786 kilometres in height over Earth’s equator and it is 42,164 kilometers in radius from Earth’s center. The geostationary orbit is a special case of the geosynchronous orbit, which is any orbit with a period equivalent to Earth’s rotation period. 

15. What is GEPON (Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network)? 

Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network is a point-to-multipoint optical fiber access network. It is reasonable to be executed in the configuration of Fiber To The Home. The GEPON can likewise offer broadband types of assistance with computerized data like voice, video and web to clients. The GEPON physical media dependent layer can uphold a limit of 1.25 Gbps for downstream and upstream traffic. 

16. What is GERAN (GSM edge radio access network)? 

GERAN is part of GSM networks. GERAN is the radio part of GSM/EDGE together with the network that associates the base stations and the base station controllers. This network norm utilizes the Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) cellular technology that further develops information transmission, and acts as a backwards compatible addition to standard GSM. In 2003 EDGE technology was first utilized on GSM networks, and conveys three times the capacity and execution contrasted to GSM/GPRS alone.

17. What is GFBR (guaranteed flow bit rate)? 

The GFBR is utilized in 5G to characterize the expected bit rate that a Guaranteed Bit Rate QoS Flow can offer. GFBR Measured throughout the Averaging Time Window. Prescribed to be the most reduced bitrate at which the service will survive. 

18. What is GFDM (Generalized Frequency-Division Multiplexing)? 

GFDM depends on conventional filter bank multi-branch multi-transporter ideas. GFDM gives a proficient choice for white space aggregation in heavily fragmented range regions. GFDM empowers recurrence and time domain multi-user planning practically identical to OFDM. GFDM is an adaptable solution to address the necessities forced by the new situations anticipated for the 5G networks. 

19. What is GGSN (gateway GPRS support node)? 

A Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) associates GSM-based 3G networks to the Internet. The GGSN changes over approaching information traffic from mobile users and sends it to the relevant network. The GGSN is additionally connected into hosted services and to the charging, strategy control, and client check components of the core network. 

20. What is GI (Guard interval)? 

Guard intervals are utilized to guarantee that particular transmissions don’t interfere with each other, or in any case cause overlapping transmissions. The aim of the guard interval is to acquire immunity to propagation delays, echoes and reflections, to which digital information is ordinarily exceptionally delicate.

21. What is GIF (Graphics interchange format)? 

The Graphics Interchange Format is a bitmap image format. It was created by a group at the online administrations supplier CompuServe led by American computer scientist Steve Wilhite. It was delivered on 15 June 1987. It is normally utilized for pictures on the web and sprites in software programs. GIFs save image information utilizing indexed color. GIFs may only contain 256 colors, they are not ideal for storing digital photos.          

22. What is GIS (Geographic Information system)? 

A geographic information system (GIS) is a framework that makes, oversees, dissects, and maps a wide range of information. GIS interfaces information to a map, coordinating area information with all types of descriptive data. The advantages incorporate further developed correspondence and productivity just as better administration and dynamic. It utilizes information that is joined to a remarkable area. Geographic information frameworks are used in numerous advances, cycles, strategies and techniques. 

23. What is GIWU (GSM interworking unit)? 

The GIWU comprises both equipment and programming that gives an interface to different networks for data communications. Through the GIWU, users can alternate between speech and data during the same call. The GIWU equipment is genuinely situated at the MSC/VLR. 

24. What is GLONASS (global orbiting navigation satellite system)? 

GLONASS is a Russian space-based satellite navigation framework working as a feature of a radionavigation-satellite assistance. The first GLONASS satellite was dispatched in 1982 and the framework was declared completely functional in 1993 created by the former Soviet Union and now operated for the Russian government. GLONASS contains a constellation of 21 satellites in addition to three extras, each satellite sends on a one of a kind recurrence utilizing a similar pseudo noise code.

25. What is GMLC (Gateway Mobile Location Center )? 

The Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC) contains usefulness needed to help location-based service (LBS). The GMLC is the first node an external LBS client gets to in a GSM, UMTS. The GMLC should initially figure out which Serving Mobile Switching Centre (MSC) is dealing with the UE at the time the LCS request is made. It initially recognizes the MSC required by making a request to the HLR.

26. What is GMPLS (Generalized Multi‐Protocol Label Switching)? 

Generalized Multiprotocol Label Switching also called Multiprotocol Lambda Switching. It gives improvements to Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) to assist network switching for time, wavelength, and space switching and for packet switching. The advancement of GMPLS requires upgrades to existing IP signaling and routing protocols. GMPLS takes into consideration an incredibly expanded number of equal connections between nodes in a network. 

27. What is GMSK (Gaussian minimum shift keying)? 

Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying, GMSK is a type of modulation dependent on recurrence shift keying. It has no phase discontinuities and gives effective utilization of range just as empowering high proficiency radio power amplifiers. It further develops spectral effectiveness when contrasted with other phase shift keyed modes. A further benefit of GMSK is that it can be amplified by a non-linear amplifier and remain undistorted.  

28. What is GNSS (global navigation satellite system)? 

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) incorporate constellations of Earth-orbiting satellites which broadcast their locations in space, ground control stations, and receivers that estimate ground positions. The space segment depicts the GNSS constellations orbiting between 20,000 to 37,000 kilometres over the earth. These satellites broadcast signals that distinguish which satellite is communicating and its time, orbit and status or health. 

29. What is GO (Geometrical Optics)? 

Geometrical optics depicts light spread as far as beams. In geometrical optics the light rays follow curved paths in a medium in which the refractive index changes and may be reflected. Geometrical optics does not account for certain optical impacts like diffraction and obstruction. Geometric optics makes rays travel in straight lines until they hit a surface. At the point when the ray encounters a surface it can either reflect or bend but then continues to travel in a straight line.

30. What is GOEP (Generic Object Exchange Profile)? 

Generic Object Exchange profile characterizes the prerequisites for Bluetooth devices important for the assist of the object exchange usage models, like, Synchronization and File Transfer. The GOEP has three fundamental components which are: Establishing an Object Exchange session, Pushing a information object and Pulling a information object. The GOEP profile depends on the Generic Access Profile (GAP) and the Serial Port Profile (SPP).

31. What is GoS (Grade of Service)? 

During the busiest hour, the Grade of service (GOS) is an estimation of the capacity of versatile endorsers to access a cellular framework. GOS is normally determined as the likelihood that a cell is blocked, or call encountering a delay greater than the given queuing time. Grade of service might be seen autonomously according to the point of view of approaching versus outgoing calls, and is not really equivalent toward every path or between various source-destination pairs.

32. What is a GPIB (general purpose interface bus)? 

General purpose interface bus is a broadly useful digital interface system. It can be utilized to convey information between at least two devices. It particularly read interconnecting computers and instruments. The GPIB connector is a 24-pin connector. GPIB total length of all cabling utilized to associate devices on a common bus to 20 m, or 2 m times the quantity of associated devices. 

33. What is GPL (General Public License)? 

The GNU General Public License is a progression of broadly utilized free software licenses that assure end clients the opportunity to run, study, share, and adjust the software. GNU GPL permits clients to change and share all variants of a program. GPL is given through the Free Software Foundation, a not-for-profit enterprise that attempts to give free programming for the GNU Project.

34. What is GP (guard period)? 

A guard period is a time interval that is a part of a burst period where no radio transmission can happen. GP is utilized to control the switching between the UL and DL transmission. The guard period for changing from DL to UL is necessary because all UL transmissions from multiple UEs should show up simultaneously at the eNB receiver. However, guard period from UL to DL switching is not needed due to the eNB being the only entity transmitting.    

35. What is GPON (gigabit passive optical network)? 

Gigabit Passive Optical Networks (GPON’s) are networks which depend on optical links to convey data. It is regularly utilized to execute the outermost link to the fibre-to-the-premises (FTTP) services user. GPON indicates protocols for error correction and encryption (AES). GPON utilizes the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) for security reasons, which was intended to be effective in both hardware and software, and it assists with a block length of 128 bits and key lengths of 128, 192, and 256 bits.

36. What is GPON (Gigabit PON)? 

GPP is utilized for processing signals from input to output by managing the operation of address bus and data bus inside an embedded framework. GPPs are the processors that power desktop computers and are at the center of the computer revolution that started during the 1970s. The computation speed of a GPP is the primary concern and the expense of the GPP is higher than that of DSPs and microcontrollers. 

37. What is GPQSM (Generalized Precoding Aided Quadrature Spatial Modulation)? 

Generalized precoding-aided quadrature spatial modulation (GPQSM) expands the conventional quadrature spatial modulation to the receiver. In GPQSM, spatial modulation operates in both the in-phase and quadrature segment of the incoming signals, subsequently passing on extra data bits.  

38. What is GPRS (general packet radio service)? 

The general packet radio service(GPRS) permits packet data to be transmitted and received across a portable network (GSM). GPRS can be an expansion to the GSM network to offer 3G assistance. GPRS has been intended to permit clients to associate with the Internet. GPRS was set up by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). GPRS gives information rates of 56–114 kbit/sec. It gives moderate-speed data transfer, by utilizing unused time-division multiple access (TDMA) channels. 

39. What is GPS (Global positioning system)? 

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a navigation framework utilizing satellites. Global Positioning System, is a global navigation satellite framework that gives location, velocity and time synchronization. The GPS does not need the client to communicate any information, and it works autonomously on any telephonic. The GPS administration is constrained by the United States government, which can deny admittance to the framework.

40. What is GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)? 

GPSS intended to quickly control and alter memory to accelerate the production of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device. Initially GPUs were intended to accelerate the rendering of 3D graphics. Over time, it permitted graphics programmers to make more interesting visual effects and practical scenes with advanced lighting techniques. GPU can be available on a video card or implanted on the motherboard.  GPUs are turning out to be more well known for use in inventive creation and artificial intelligence (AI).

41. What is GRE (Generic Routing Encapsulation)? 

Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) makes it possible to encapsulate, over an Internet Protocol network, a large assortment of network layer protocols inside virtual point-to-point connection. This permits the source and objective switches to work as if they have a virtual point-to-point association with one another. GRE tunnels permit VPNs across wide area networks (WANs). 

42. What is GSA (Global mobile Suppliers Association)? 

Global mobile Suppliers Association are the organizations across the worldwide portable ecosystem occupied with the inventory of infrastructure, semiconductors, test equipment, devices, applications and mobile support administrations. In view of the information from its GAMBoD database GSA creates around 240 unique industry reports, white-papers, charts and industry snapshots every year. 

43. What is GSC (Global Standards Collaboration)? 

The objective of GSC is to upgrade global cooperation and collaboration with respect to communications standards and the related standards development environment for the ICT ecosystem. GSC members focused on Smart Sustainable Cities and Artificial Intelligence and shared their continuous exercises on AI and machine learning and their applications in domains like healthcare and recognizing different regional requirements.

44. What is a GSC (Ground control station)? 

Ground Control Stations (GCS) permit UAV administrators to communicate with and control a drone and its payloads, by setting boundaries for independent activity. The Ground Control Station is made out of a tablet computer running under windows 10, a GSC software and a control unit with a joystick, associated on a USB port. It shows real-time information on the UAVs performance and position. 

45. What is GSM (global system for mobile communication)

Global System for Mobile communication is a digital mobile network. It is broadly utilized by cell phone clients in Europe and different regions of the planet. The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard created by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute. It works at either the 900 megahertz (MHz) or 1,800 MHz frequency band. GSM digitizes and compresses information, at that point, transmitting it down a channel with two different streams of user data.

46. What is GSMA (GSM Association)

GSMA is an organisation that addresses the interests of versatile network administrators around the world. 400 companies in the broader mobile ecosystem are associate members of GSMA. It was set up in 1995 and it has headquarters in London, England and Uk. GSMA has membership with 1200 companies. It additionally runs industry working groups covering areas, for example, roaming and interconnection and security, and intellectual property. 

47. What is GTEK (Group Traffic Encryption Key)

In the group traffic encryption key management strategy, terminals getting the service by periodically generating a group traffic encryption key for security of a group traffic service, for example, a multicast service, a multicast broadcast service (MBS) And a substantial time of the group key encryption key used to encode the group traffic encryption key instead of the valid time of the group traffic encryption key. 

48. What is GTP (GPRS Tunneling Protocol)? 

GPRS is utilized to convey General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) inside the 3G and 4G networks. GTP is described by 3gpp network. A GTP tunnel is a channel between two GPRS support nodes by which two hosts convey information. The S-GW encapsulates packets inside a GTP header before forwarding them to the P-GW through the GTP tunnel. At the point when the P-GW receives the packets, it decapsulates them and forwards them to the external host.  

49. What is GTP U (GPRS Tunneling Protocol in user plane)? 

The GTP tunnel comprises the GTP control plane (GTP-C) and GTP user plane (GTP-U). GTP-U tunnel is utilized to embody and route the user plane traffic across different signaling interfaces. The GPRS tunneling protocol user plane (GTP-U) is utilized to inspect security on GTP-U packets. At the point when GTP-U inspection is empowered, the invalid GTP-U packets are blocked and the GPRS support node (GSN) is shielded from a GTP-U attack. 

50. What is GTP-C (GPRS Tunneling Protocol, Control Plane)? 

The GTP tunnel comprises the GTP control plane (GTP-C) and GTP user plane (GTP-U). GTP-C is utilized for signaling between the gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) and the serving GPRS support node (SGSN). GTP-C executes signaling between the S-GW and P-GW in the core GPRS network to activate and deactivate endorser sessions, adjust the quality of administration boundaries. 

51. What is GTT (Global Text Telephony)? 

Global Text Telephony is an element that adds the ability to utilize a text conversation part in a session. 

52. What is GUI (graphical user interface)? 

The GUI was first established at Xerox PARC by Alan Kay, Douglas Engelbart in 1981. A GUI transmits data, and represents actions that can be made by the client. The graphical user interface is a type of UI that permits clients to connect with electronic devices through graphical icons and audio indicators like primary notation. A GUI is a system of interactive visual parts for PC software.

53. What is GUMMEI (globally unique MME identifier)? 

The GUMMEI segment of the GUTI. It consists of several parts. These are the Mobile Network Code (MNC), the Mobile Country Code (MCC), and the MME ID (Mobility Management Entity ID). GUMMEI recognizes the network. The Length of GUMMEI is 42 bits. 

54. What is GUTI (globally unique temporary identifier)? 

GUTI recognizes cell phones to lte network. The GUTI is allotted to the device by the Mobility Management Entity (MME), the access network’s primary control node. It has two fragments: Globally Unique Mobility Management Entity Identifier (GUMMEI), which recognizes the network, and the M-TMSI, which recognizes the device. Every GUTI must be unique, and networks utilize various conventions to stay away from duplication of numbers.