Glossary Telecom – E (Part 2)

1. What is EMM (Evolved packet system mobility management)? 

The Evolved Packet System Mobility Management (EMM) protocol gives methods for the management of mobility when the User Equipment (UE) utilizes the Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). It additionally gives management of safety to the NAS protocols. EMM can generally be started while a NAS signalling association exists. The strategies having a place with this kind are started by the network. They incorporate GUTI reallocation, confirmation, security mode control, identification and EMM data.

2. What is EMS (Element management system)? 

An element management system (EMS) comprises frameworks and applications for overseeing network elements (NE) on the network element-management layer (NEL) of the Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) model. An element management system oversees at least one of a particular kind of telecommunications network component. The EMS deals with the capacities and abilities inside each NE except dealing with the traffic between various NEs in the organization. 

3. What is eMTC (Enhanced machine-type communication)? 

eMTC is the Enhanced Machine Type Communication. It is a sort of LTE-M network introduced by 3GPP in the Release 13 specification. It upholds half-duplex frequency division duplex (HD-FDD), frequency division duplex (FDD), and time division duplex (TDD) tasks. eMTC upholds IoT through lower device complexity and gives broadened coverage, utilizing a versatile carrier’s existing LTE base stations. eMTC upholds low intricacy IoT devices, which use the current LTE network infrastructure. eMTC is utilized in IoT devices that need a higher information rate than that assisted by NB-IoT. eMTC has a diminished bandwidth contrasted with LTE however has an broadened coverage.

4. What is EN-DC (E-UTRAN New Radio – dual connectivity)? 

ENDC permits client hardware to associate with an LTE enodeB that acts as a master node and a 5G gnodeB that acts as a secondary node. ENDC permits 4G LTE and 5G transmission capacity to be utilized simultaneously, and when clients endeavor to download content, like a video, the speed at which that video transfers comes from both 4G LTE and 5G at the same time. ENDC will allow devices to get to both LTE and 5G all the while on a similar spectrum band: Band 41/2.5 GHz. 

5. What is eNB (E-UTRAN Node B/evolved node B)? 

E-UTRAN Node B/evolved node B is the component in E-UTRA of LTE that is the advancement of the component Node B in UTRA of UMTS. It is the equipment that is associated with the cell phone network that conveys straightforwardly wirelessly with mobile handsets (UEs), such as a base transceiver station (BTS) in GSM networks.

6. What is EPC (Evolved Packet Core (4G))? 

Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is a system for giving converged voice and information on a 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network. This permits administrators to deploy one packet network for 2G, 3G, WLAN. In 4G evolved packet core (EPC) networks this incorporates the serving packet data network gateway GPRS support node, policy control enforcement function (PCEF), subscriber services gateway (SSG) giving carrier-grade network address translation (NAT). 

7. What is EPDCCH (Enhanced physical downlink control channel)? 

EPDCCH notifies mobiles about the planning and resource allocation in an advanced manner, for example. for a Machine Type Communications mobile. EPDCCH incorporated the capacity to assist expand downlink control channel capacity, beamforming and enhanced spatial reuse, and recurrence area intercell interference coordination, while considering the coexistence with legacy terminals. 

8. What is ePDG (Evolved Packet Data Gateway)? 

The ePDG gives admittance to PS domain administrations to WLAN UEs. It is utilized for the combination of multiple core network functions inside a solitary node. Better execution incorporating a backhaul security through IPSec tunnels, tunnel set-up rates, throughput, and deep packet inspection (DPI). The ePDG upholds secure access interworking between the versatile Packet Core and untrusted, non-3GPP networks. 

9. What is EPL (Ethernet private line)? 

An Ethernet Private Line administration is a private information association safely interfacing at least two areas for private information administrations. An Ethernet private line circuit is a closed network data transport service. It is inherently secure without any information encryption required. An Ethernet Private Line administration is a private information association safely interfacing at least two areas for private information administrations.  EPL empowers organizations to send mission-critical information and at speeds up to 10 Gbps. 

10. What is EPLMN (Equivalent PLMN)? 

The Equivalent PLMN (E-PLMN) list permits a network to offer the UE with a list of PLMN identities. The E-PLMN can be signaled to the UE as a segment of the GPRS attach procedures. The Equivalent PLMN List is only appropriate when the operating mode is set to Active Cell. The E-PLMN list is indicated as a single variable length GPIB command that determines the complete list.  

11. What is EPON (Ethernet passive optical network)? 

Ethernet passive optical network empowers computer network associations over telecommunications infrastructure. EPON sends information in variable-length packets of up to 1518 bytes, as indicated by the IEEE 802.3 standard. EPON uses an AES encryption mechanism for both upstream and downstream communications. There are two sorts of EPON: symmetric and asymmetric. Symmetric EPON gives equivalent information rates in both upstream and downstream ways. Asymmetric EPON gives higher downstream information rates than upstream; asymmetric EPON works at 10Gbits/sec downstream and 1Gbit/sec upstream. 

12. What is ERP (Effective Radiated Power)? 

Effective radiated power (ERP) is an IEEE normalized definition of directional radio frequency (RF) power, for example, that is radiated by a radio transmitter. ERP is utilized in electronics and telecommunications, especially in communicating to quantify the apparent power of a broadcasting station. ERP estimates the combination of the power radiated by the transmitter and the direct power capacity of the antenna in a given direction. It is equivalent to the input power to the antenna multiplied by the gain of the antenna. 

13. What is ESC (Environmental sensing capability)? 

The ESC network recognizes action and guarantees that any influenced business clients are progressively moved to accessible CBRS range with negligible disturbance. An ESC will be worked by a non-governmental entity. It will not depend on governmental agencies to affirmatively convey data about the activities of incumbent radio systems. Spectrum sharing in the 3.5 GHz band between business and government clients along U.S. coastal regions relies upon an Environmental Sensing Capability (ESC), a network of radio frequency sensors to detect the presence of incumbent shipborne radar frameworks and indicate protective measures, as required.

14. What is eSIM (Embedded subscriber identity module )? 

The embedded SIM is intended to remotely deal with numerous memberships, network operator subscriptions and be compliant​ with GSMA’s Remote SIM Provisioning​. An eSIM can be provisioned remotely. The end-users can add or eliminate operators without the requirement of physically swapping a SIM from the mobile. An eSIM can manage various SIM profiles simultaneously, which can provide mobile access to numerous completely different carriers. But one SIM can be active at a time. 

15. What is ESLI (End of service life indicator)? 

ESLI describes an indicator that indicates the end of service life. The ESLI might be a component incorporated into the mechanical assembly, yet it might likewise allude to attributes that show that a device is harmed somehow or another. It indicates how long filters can be utilized before they should be changed. Some respirator cartridges have ESLIs to assist a client with deciding when to change. An end of service life indicator (ESLI) is a framework utilized for breathing apparatuses to alert the wearer that the oxygen or air level is reaching its lower limits.

16. What is ESM (EPS Session Management)? 

The EPS Session Management entity is a control plane function which upholds all parts of signalling for Packet Data Network session management. The EPS Session Management (ESM) protocol gives methodology for the management of EPS bearer contexts. Along with the bearer control given by the Access Stratum, it gives the control of user plane bearers. The transmission of ESM messages is suspended during EPS Mobility Management methods aside from the attach procedure.

17. What is ESN (Emergency Services Network)? 

ESN will send quick, free from any danger voice, video and information across the 4G network and give first responders immediate access to life-saving information, images and information in live situations and emergencies on the frontline. ESN’s high-speed versatile strategy will mean correspondence between the emergency administrations will take priority over all other network traffic. ESN is being conveyed by the Emergency Services Mobile Communication Programme (ESMCP) in the Home Office. 

18. What is ESP (Encapsulated security protocol)? 

Encapsulating Security Payload is a transport layer security protocol. In IPv4 and IPv6, the ESP header is intended to give a scope of safety administrations. It is intended to work with both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocols. ESP might be utilized for authentication of information origins, connectionless integrity, some level of traffic-level privacy, and an anti-replay service. The ESP protocol may be applied in isolation, in blend with an Authentication Header (AH), or in a nested manner. 

19. What is ESR (Extended Service Request)? 

The Extended Service Request message to start a “CS fallback or respond to an “MT CS fallback request from the network is transmitted by the User Equipment to the network. This message is likewise utilized if the UE needs to demand the establishment of a NAS signalling association for packet administrations and if the UE requires to give extra data that cannot be given by means of a SERVICE REQUEST message. 

20. What is ESS (Extended Service Set)? 

An extended service set (ESS) is at least one interconnected basic service set (BSSs) and their connected LANs. Each BSS comprises a solitary access point (AP) along with all wireless client devices making an enterprise 802.11 wireless LAN.  It gives long range wireless communication. ESS upholds versatility; for example a client can move from one place or area to another and can in any case be associated with no interference. 

21. What is ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)?

European Telecommunications Standards Institute is a normalization association in the field of data and communications. ETSI upholds the development and examination of worldwide specialized norms for ICT-enabled systems, applications and administrations. ETSI was established in 1988 by the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT). ETSI is the formally recognized body with an obligation for the normalization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).

22. What is ETWS (earthquake and tsunami warning system)? 

The Earthquake & Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) was planned essentially for nations with high risk of earthquake & tsunami, tidal waves, flooding, or other outrageous situations in which remote sensors can frequently recognize the precursor to such a disaster and issue alerts. Mobile phone users who got Warning Notification can realize a danger is drawing closer or currently happening close by. ETWS has been normalized in 3GPP and is likewise executed by Japan’s other phone networks, and SoftBank Mobile. 

23. What is the EU (European Union)? 

The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union. It has 27 members. At the point when European countries began to collaborate economically in 1951, only Belgium, Germany, France, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands participated. The Union currently counts 27 EU countries. The United Kingdom withdrew from the European Union on 31 January 2020. The EU was made by the Maastricht Treaty, which went into power on November 1, 1993. The treaty was intended to upgrade European political and economic integration by making a single currency.

24. What is EUHT (Enhanced Ultra High Throughput)? 

Enhanced Ultra High Throughput is a super fast wireless communication framework intended to meet the prerequisites of high reliability, low latency and high mobility of future versatile communication frameworks. It was created in 2007. The framework configuration is basic, adaptable and efficient, with high throughput, high reliability, high speed mobility, low latency, low cost and low power utilization.

25. What is eUICC (Embedded UICC )? 

The embedded UICC is another protected component intended to remotely deal with various mobile network operator subscriptions and be compliant​ with GSMA’s Remote SIM Provisioning​. When eUICC is installed in mobile devices, then it provides a few significant benefits. They all come from the eUICC’s ability to store numerous Mobile Network Operator (MNO) profiles and switch between them remotely.

26. What is EUTRA (Evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access)? 

EUTRA is an abbreviation for Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access. E-UTRAN is the initialism of Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network and is the integration of E-UTRA, user equipment (UE), and E-UTRAN Node B or Evolved Node B (eNodeB). It assists both FDD and TDD duplexes as well as half-duplex FDD with the similar radio access technology. It supports all recurrence bands presently utilized by IMT frameworks by ITU-R. 

27. What is EV-DO (Evolution data only)? 

Evolution data only (EVDO) is utilized for wireless information communications, primarily for associating to the Internet. It is a protocol for high speed broadband and is practically identical to cable Internet administration. EVDO is a standard intended for the CDMA2000 network and was normalized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2. EVDO utilizes a similar broadcasting frequency as CDMA networks. The technology permits various devices to simultaneously transmit on the similar recurrence. It additionally isolates information into packets to save bandwidth, like Internet protocol.

28. What is EVLOS (Extended visual line of sight)? 

By utilizing ‘trained observers’ Extended Visual Line of Sight operations (‘EVLOS’) permits flight Beyond Visual Line of Sight of the Remote Pilot.  EVLOS is a functional strategy where a pilot is consistently present in an area with at least one external observer keeping the UAV in their line of sight. EVLOS tasks require unique authorization from a separate Aviation Authority. 

29. What is EVM (Error Vector Magnitude)? 

The error vector magnitude is utilized to evaluate the performance of a digital radio transmitter or receiver. EVM gives a complete measure of the quality of the radio receiver or transmitter for utilization in digital communications. Transmitter EVM can be estimated by particular equipment, which demodulates the received signal in a similar way to how a real radio demodulator does it. 

30. What is EVPL (Ethernet Virtual Private Line Service)? 

Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) administration from IFN gives rapid, point-to-multipoint connectivity across the IFN network. EVPL gives Point-to-Multipoint Connectivity such as Link at least three business locations on one network. The EVPL Service gives Ethernet Virtual Connection (EVC) between two user locations. The administration is offered with 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps, or 10Gbps Ethernet User-to-Network Interfaces (UNI) and is accessible in speed increments from 10Mbps to 10Gbps.

31. What is EVRC (Enhanced Variable Rate Codec)? 

Enhanced Variable Rate CODEC (EVRC) is a speech codec utilized in CDMA networks. It was created in 1995 to supplant the QCELP vocoder. EVRC compresses each 20 milliseconds of 8000 Hz, 16-bit sampled speech input into output frames of one of three different sizes: full rate – 171 bits, half rate – 80 bits, eighth rate – 16 bits. EVRC utilizes RCELP. EVRC transmits at channel rates compared to 9600, 4800 and 1200 bps frame rates. 

32. What is EP (Enforcement Point)? 

A node on the access network where per-packet requirement approaches are applied on the inbound and outbound traffic of customer gadgets. Data like DI and cryptographic keys are given by PAA per customer to developing channels on the EP.

33. What is EVS (Enhance Voice Service)? 

 EVS is providing up to 20 kHz audio data transmission, conveying speech quality that matches other audio input like stored music, while providing high robustness to delay jitter and packet losses is the primary 3GPP conversational codec. The application areas of EVS comprise of further developed telephony and teleconferencing, varying media conferencing administrations, and streaming sound. 

34. What is EC-GSM-IoT (Extended Coverage for GSM based Internet of Things)? 

Expanded Coverage-GSM-IoT is a low-power wide area (LPWA) cellular innovation. It is dependent on eGPRS and planned as a high capacity, low energy cellular system for IoT applications. This will take into account EC-GSM-IoT networks to co-exist with 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks. Extended Coverage GSM IoT was proposed as a feature of the 3GPP Release 13 specification. The EC-GSM-IoT has further developed security, contrasted with the current GSM/GPRS organizations, and offers trustworthiness assurance, shared verification and need for stronger ciphering algorithms.

35. What is Eb/No (energy per bit to noise power spectral density ratio)? 

Eb/N0  is a standardized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measure. It is particularly helpful when looking at the bit mistake rate (BER) execution of various digital modulation schemes without considering data transmission. The proportion Eb/No is estimated at the receiver, and shows signal strength. Contingent upon the modulation technique utilized, have various curves for Bit Error Rate x Eb/No.  

36. What is ECC (Electronic Communications Committee)?

The Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) is the board of the CEPT. ECC manages all electronic communications matters. The great target of the ECC is to develop european harmonisation measures for the designation and the utilization of radio frequencies. The ECC works between administrations for the improvement of Decisions and Recommendations. ECC is answerable for managing the electronic correspondences of the ERA-EDTA, this incorporates the Social Media activity and the ERA-EDTA web-site and all its various sections. 

37. What is ECGI (E-UTRAN cell global identifier)? 

The E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier is utilized to distinguish cells globally. Cell Global Identity (CGI) is an internationally one of a kind identifier for a Base Transceiver Station in cell phone organizations. The ECGI is developed from the Mobile Country Code, Mobile Network Code and the E-UTRAN Cell Identifier. 

38. What is ECM (EPS connection management)? 

EPS connection management (ECM) states are kept up with NAS layers within the UE and MME. ECM states will choose signalline associations among UE and EPC. Two ECM states exist, namely ECM-IDLE and ECM-CONNECTED. The EPS Connection Management states portray the signalling associations between the UE and the EPC. 

39. What is ECMP (Equal‐cost multipath)? 

Equal-cost multipath (ECMP) permits traffic of the similar session, traffic with the similar source and destination to be communicated across different ways of equivalent expense. It is a strategy that permits to balance traffic and enhance data transfer capacity by completely using in any case unused transmission capacity on connections to a similar objective. 

40. What is ECN (explicit congestion notification)? 

Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) is characterized in RFC 3168 (2001). It is an augmentation to the Internet Protocol and to the Transmission Control Protocol. ECN permits start to finish notification of network congestion without dropping packets. ECN is utilized between two ECN-empowered endpoints when the underlying network framework likewise upholds it. ECN diminishes the quantity of packets dropped by a TCP association, which, by keeping away from a retransmission, lessens latency and jitter.