Glossary Telecom – B (Part 1)

1. What is BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)?

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is intended to exchange routing and data among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. It is a gateway protocol.  BGP  settles on routing decisions dependent on ways, network policies, or rule sets configured by a network administrator. BGP is responsible for looking at all of the access paths that information could travel and picking the best route, when someone submits information across the Internet, which means hopping between autonomous systems.

2. What is BGP-LS (Border Gateway Protocol Link-State)?

BGP-LS conveys network topology data to topology servers and Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) servers. Border gateway protocol link state also permits direct aggregation and abstraction and data hiding.   BGP-LS assists IS-IS and OSPFv2. It supports an interior gateway protocol (IGP) link-state database through the BGP routing protocol.  

3. What is BH (backhaul)?

Backhaul is Bayesianused to transmit a signal from a remote site or network to another site. Backhaul contains the links between the core network.  Backhaul is executed as a mobile network. In mobile networks, backhaul attached a cell site with a core network.  Backhaul capacity can also be sublet from another network operator.

4. What is BH (Busy Hour)?

The busy hour is defined as the maximum total traffic load taking place in the sliding 60 minutes period provided in 24 hours is the busy hour. If a busy hour takes place more than 60 minutes in 24 hour, Busy hours applicable to the particular situation are known as peak busy hours. Peak busy hours vary from day today. If a busy hour takes place less than 60 minutes then it carries the service timer interval. 

5. What is BHCA (busy hour call attempts)? 

BHCA is the number of calls endeavored at the sliding 60-minute period during which takes place the maximum total traffic load in a given 24-hour  time frame (BHCA), and when the BHCA is increased then stress on the network processors also increases. BHCA is different from busy hours. BHCA is not to be mistaken with busy hour call completion (BHCC) which estimates the throughput limit of the network.  

6. What is BI (Backoff indicator)?

Backoff Indicator conveys the parameter indicating the time delay between a PRACH and the following PRACH.  it can hold a value from 0~15.  Backoff Indicator is an exceptional MAC subheader. it doesn’t utilize any payload field, Backoff Indicator data is conveyed straight by the MAC header/subheader.

7. What is BI (Beacon Intervals)?

Definition of beacon interval is simply guessed from the name, that it is the time interval between beacon transmissions. The beacon interval is the frequency of the beacon – how regularly the beacon is broadcast by the router. A beacon is a packet broadcast transmitted by the router. It is arranged as 100 TU.

8. What is BICC (Bearer independent call control)?

Bearer independent call control is utilized to assist narrowband Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) service over a broadband backbone network.  BICC is utilized to set up voice calls in IP transport networks. BICC was intended to be completely viable with existing organizations and any framework capable of conveying voice messages.

9. What is BiCMOS (Bipolar Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)?

Bipolar Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor merges two semiconductor technologies, those of the Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor gate and bipolar junction transistor, in a solitary coordinated circuit. Bipolar junction transistors provide fast speed and low output resistance. CMOS technology provides high input resistance and is excellent for constructing simple, low-power logic gates. BiCMOS circuits utilize the qualities of each kind of semiconductor most fittingly.

10. What is BIH (Bump-In-the-Host)?

 Bump-In-the-Host permits a subset of applications assisting one IP address family to communicate with peers that are assisting only the other address family. This guideline addresses scenarios where a host is given IPv6 only network connectivity.

11. What is  BIM (Bayesian information matrix)?

The Bayesian information matrix is an index utilized in Bayesian statistics to select between two or more alternative models.

The BIC is also called the Schwarz-Bayesian information criteria. It was produced in a 1978 paper by Gideon E. Schwarz. It is associated with the Akaike information criterion (AIC) which was produced in 1974.

12. What BIOS (Basic Input/output system)?

A basic Bayesian input/output system is the program a computer’s microprocessor utilizes after it is powered on, to begin the computer system. It likewise oversees the information stream between the PC’s operating system (OS) and attached devices. The principle utilization of BIOS is to go about as an agent among OSes and the hardware they run on. BIOS is theoretically always the intermediary between the microprocessor and I/O device to information flow.  BIOS is the firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process and to analyze protocol run time administrations for operating systems and programs. 

13. What is BIP (Bearer Independent Protocol)?

The Bearer Independent Protocol is the arrangement of commands and events. It permits a smart card to set up a communication channel with a terminal. This protocol exists just between the device and the eUICC and empowers an eUICC to demand the device to set up an information session with the SM server. This gives a quicker technique of admittance to the eUICC than SMS. Very few devices in the field assist BIP.

14. What is BITW (bump in the wire)?

The term bump-in-the-wire (BITW) alludes to a communications device that can be embedded into existing frameworks to increase the integrity, reliability of communications across a current logical link without adjusting the endpoints of the communication. The term was initially utilized to demonstrate that the device should introduce small expanded latency in communications compared to the original approach.

15. What is BL (Bandwidth-reduced low complexity)?

LTE-M presents minimal expense gadgets that are simply needed to assist a reduced bandwidth for transmission and reception. These minimal expense gadgets are in some cases alluded to as bandwidth-reduced Low-complexity (BL) devices in the standard details. 

16. What is BLAS (basic linear algebra subprograms)? 

Basic linear algebra subprograms a bunch of low-level schedules for performing linear algebra operations like vector addition, dot products, linear combinations, and matrix multiplication. The BLAS interface upholds compact high-performance implementation of applications that are matrix. The application developer concentrates on casting computation in terms of the operations supported by the BLAS, leaving the architecture-specific enhancement of that software layer to a specialist.

17. What is BLAST (Bell Labs Layered Space-Time)?

BLAST was established by Gerard Foschini at Lucent Technologies Bell Laboratories. Bell Laboratories Layer Space-Time (BLAST) is a transceiver architecture for providing spatial multiplexing over multiple-antenna wireless communication systems. BLAST is a spectrally efficient algorithm applied to wireless communication which utilizes the spatial dimension (SDM) to communicate and get diverse information streams utilizing various multiple antennas.

18. What is BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy)?

Bluetooth Low Energy is planned to give extensively decreased power utilization and cost while maintaining a comparable communication range. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a low-power wireless communication innovation that can be utilized over a short distance to empower smart devices to communicate.

19.  What is BLER (Block-Error Rate)?

Block Error Rate (BLER) is a proportion of the number of erroneous blocks to the total number of blocks transmitted on a digital circuit. It is utilized in estimating the error rate while separating information outlines from a Compact Disk (CD).  BLER is estimated after channel de-interleaving and decoding by assessing the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) on each transport block. On the radio side, the average BLER target is 10% which implies the receiver should get at least 90% successful transmission. If the target is under 10% then more re-transmission may be needed and cause radio asset utilization.

20. What is BLUE (best linear unbiased estimator)?

The Gauss Markov theorem states that the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) is characterized as the ordinary least squares (OLS) assessor of the coefficients of a linear regression model, under specific conditions, the assessor that has the smallest difference among those that are unbiased and direct in the noticed output factors.

21. What is BM-SC (Broadcast multicast service center)?

The BM-SC forms a fundamental part of the 3GPP MBMS design. It is situated between the GGSN and where the content is saved, the BM-SC is answerable for regions like group membership, content collection, QoS management. The BMSC is working as the interface between the distribution network (3G or 4G data network) and the content supplier, on the other side MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services). The BMSC incorporates scheduling and transmission of multicast content, charging, service announcements, protection, and content synchronization.

22. What is BMC Broadcast‐Multicast Control?

Broadcast and Multicast Control In the UMTS framework, this convention adjusts broadcast and multicast administrations on the radio interface. The Broadcast/Multicast Control (BMC) is a sublayer of layer 2 convention of Radio Interface Protocol Architecture according to BMC-STD. 

23. What is BMCA (best master clock algorithm)?

The BMCA is an algorithm. It is used to pick which clock to utilize as the source of timing on a network. If one master clock on a network gives time for the whole network. The BMCA chooses which of any rate two clocks should act as the master. Each clock will transmit a message to the network to recognize other clocks, and then perform an informational collection examination. This compares information strings from each device and figures out which clock is ideal to keep up the timing network.  

24. What is BMR (Basic Mapping Rule)?

Basic Mapping Rule is one sort of MAP innovation. A BMR is utilized to assess an IPv4 address, a port set, and an IPv6 address of a MAP-CE. The essential BMR parameters incorporate the Rule-IPv6-prefix, Rule-IPv4-prefix, EA-bits-length, and Port-Set ID offset. These parameters can be utilized on a MAP-CE to compute the common IPv4 address and port arrangement and the IPv6 address of the MAP-CE.

25. What is BN (Bayesian Network)?

Bayesian Network addresses a bunch of factors and their contingent conditions using a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Bayesian networks are coordinated non-cyclic  (DAGs) whose nodes address factors in the Bayesian sense and they might be noticeable amounts, latent variables, unknown parameters. 

26. What is BNEP (Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol)?

Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol (BNEP) encloses packets from different protocols. These packets are sent straight over the Bluetooth Logical Link Control and Adaptation Layer Protocol (L2CAP) protocol. BNEP is utilized to give organizing capacities to Bluetooth devices. Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol assists for common networking protocols like  IPv4, IPv6, IPX.

27. What is BNG (Broadband Network Gateway)?

Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) is that by which subscribers are attached to the broadband network. At the point when an association is set up among BNG and CustomerPremise Equipment (CPE),  the endorser can get to the broadband administrations given by the Internet Service Provider (ISP). BNG  sets up and oversees subscriber sessions.

28. What is BO (Backoff)?

 Binary exponential backoff alludes to an algorithm. It is utilized to space out repeated retransmissions of a similar block of information,  frequently to stay away from network blockage.

29. What is BOCM (binary offset carrier modulation)? 

Binary offset carrier modulation where a sign is increased by a rectangular sub-transporter of recurrence equivalent to or more noteworthy than the chip rate. The spectrum of the signal is separated into two sections. BOC regulation is otherwise called a split-spectrum modulation.  BOC modulation is to decrease the impedance with BPSK-modulated signal, which has a sinc function-shaped spectrum. BOC-modulated signals have low energy around the carrier frequency and two primary spectral lobes further away from the carrier.

30. What is BoD (Bandwidth on demand)?

Bandwidth on demand permits clients to demand bandwidth at wanted levels when and where required. Bandwidth on Demand permits to alter parameters and provides control over network usage like never before. Bandwidth on Demand obliges the expanding demands of short duration bandwidth required for events such as webcasting-live video streaming of sports events, seminars, conferences, medical surgeries, weddings, gatherings, etc.

31. What is BOSS (Business and Operation Supporting Systems)?

Business and Operation Supporting Systems assist telecommunications service providers in overseeing networks and the assistance request insight for users, with capacities from service provisioning, inventory management, network configuration, fault management, and order management.

32. What is BP (belief propagation)?

Belief propagation is a message-passing algorithm. It is used for executing inference on graphical models, for example, Bayesian organizations and Markov random fields. Belief propagation is generally utilized in artificial intelligence and data hypothesis and has demonstrated empirical accomplishment in various applications comprising low-density parity-check codes, turbo codes. Belief propagation is also known as sum-product message passing.

33. What is BP (BandPass)?

It is a bandpass filter, and passes frequencies within a specific range and rejects out-of-range frequencies. A bandpass signal is a signal including a band of frequencies not adjacent to zero frequency, for example, a signal that emerges from a bandpass filter. Bandpass filters are utilized in numerous applications including wireless transmitters to restrict the bandwidth of the output signal to the less necessary.

34. What is BP (Bandwidth part)?

Bandwidth Part (BWP) is set up by a bunch of contiguous Resource Blocks for a given numerology Subcarrier spacing in the bandwidth part on a given carrier. In 5G, an asset is allocated to UE inside a BWP active for that UE. The BWP concept in 5G was utilized to decrease the power utilization of UE because there is no requirement for a UE to search the entire Bandwidth for its information/signaling.

35. What is  BP (Blocking Probability)?

  Blocking probability is the opportunity that a user will be refused assistance because of the absence of assets. A blocking probability of 0.01 means 1% of clients will be refused assistance. The blocking probability is a measure from the network point of view. Blocking will be determined by noticing the busy servers in the switching system.